System and Method for Protecting Data in a Synchronized Environment

ABSTRACT

A system includes a mobile device providing a plurality of applications and an agent providing first and second authentication procedures for authenticating a user of the mobile device to first and second applications running on the mobile device. A first application is enabled by authenticating a user through a first authentication procedure, and a second application is enabled by authenticating a user through a second authentication procedure. The agent authenticates the user to the first application following the first authentication procedure, and the agent authenticates the user to the second application following the second authentication procedure.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This application is a continuation of U.S. application No. 11/239,828, filed Sep. 29, 2005, which claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/621,385, filed Oct. 22, 2004, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a system and method for mobile device authentication.

BACKGROUND

Cellular communication systems are multi-user, wireless communication systems capable of concurrent use by large numbers of users. These systems may be packet wireless communication systems providing voice and other real-time communications between mobile terminals operable in such a system. Advancements in communication technologies have permitted the development and popularization of new types of mobile devices for use with cellular communication systems. Multi-function mobile communication systems are exemplary of systems made possible as result of such advancements.

In order to ensure the validity of a user of such a system, authentication procedures are carried out to ensure that traffic between the server of the network portion of the system and a mobile device is sent to an intended recipient. Subsequent to authentication, communications are permitted between a mobile device and the server of the network portion of the system.

Recently however, with the advancing sophistication of mobile devices in general, there is an ever-increasing array of services available which may be provided on mobile devices including cell-phones, PDAs and the like. However, authentication procedures used to protect these services have not similarly advanced to match the sophistication of today's mobile devices. Current mobile devices are still authenticated for the most part by a single authentication procedure (or parameter) such as the entry of a pass code used to “unlock” the device, providing an “all or nothing” approach for mobile device authentication.

Given that the data and services provided by the mobile device vary in importance to a user, and given that authentication procedures will ordinarily be more or less cumbersome based on the level of security they provide, what is needed is a system of authentication offering a tradeoff between these two ideals by tailoring authentication procedures to individual services offered on a mobile device.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A system includes a mobile device for providing first and second applications and an agent for providing first and second authentication procedures for authenticating a user of the mobile device to the first and second applications running on the mobile device. The first application is enabled by authenticating the user through the first authentication procedure, and the second application is enabled by authenticating the user through the second authentication procedure. The agent authenticates the user to the first application following the first authentication procedure, and the agent authenticates the user to the second application following the second authentication procedure.

In an alternative embodiment, the system for authenticating a user to a mobile device further includes a server for communicating with the mobile device; a plurality of applications provided by the mobile device require data from this server. In another alternative embodiment, authenticating a user of the mobile device to a particular application provided by the mobile device allows data to be sent between the server and the mobile device.

In another embodiment, a method for authenticating a user to a mobile device includes providing one or more applications and assigning a plurality of authentication procedures to the one or more applications to authenticate a user of the mobile device to the one or more applications. Each authentication procedure has a criterion for satisfaction and the criterion for satisfaction of a first one of the authentication procedures changes in response to satisfaction of the criterion of a second one of the authentication procedures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a network architecture in which one or more servers on an internal network can communicate with a mobile device of a wireless network through an external network;

FIG. 2 shows a simple network in which two sub-networks are coupled by a router which selectively passes traffic between the two sub-networks based on the contents of an access control list stored on the router;

FIG. 3 is a matrix defining an exemplary access control list;

FIG. 4 is an exemplary authentication matrix according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an alternative authentication matrix according to another embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 6 is a simplified network architecture used for illustrating methods of implementing the matrix authentication procedures described with reference to FIGS. 4 and

Before any embodiment of the invention is explained in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and arrangements of components set forth in the following description, or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of alternative embodiments and of being practiced or being carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of illustrative description and should not be regarded as limiting.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In FIG. 1, a known network architecture 100 is shown to include an internal network 110 coupled to an external network 150 which is in turn coupled to a wireless network 160. The network architecture 100 as a whole permits communication between a mobile device 162 such as a mobile phone or a PDA device associated with the wireless network 160 and associated components of the internal network 110 such as one or more servers 115. Exemplary embodiments of the present invention can be applied to the network architecture of FIG. 1, as well as to other suitable architectures.

The internal network 110 may be provided by a LAN covering a corporate campus or other localized setting and includes one or more routers 111. Devices such as desktop clients 130 and telephones 136 are coupled to the one or more routers 111. In one embodiment, the telephones 136 may be coupled through an intermediate device, such as the private branch exchange (“PBX”) 135 shown in FIG. 1.

A wireless LAN network (“WLAN”) 120 may also be coupled to the internal network 110. The WLAN 120 includes one or more base stations 122 communicating with one or more campus mobile devices 121. Servers 115 are provided coupled to the internal network 110. These servers may be application servers, data servers, function-providing servers and authentication servers among others. The servers 115 provide services to a client accessing the internal network 110 which may require a certain level of protection, such as e-mail service enclosing sensitive data such as financial records and the like, personnel services, and payment services among others.

In an alterative embodiment of the present invention, the services provided may not be tied to a specific server 115, rather they may be distributed over one or more traditional servers or computers. One or more servers 115 may provide one or more services, or a service may be implemented by one or more servers 115. Moreover, the servers 115 may provide data, applications, and/or functions that originally come from outside of the servers 115, or outside of the internal network 110 entirely, such as Internet-sourced data.

Coupled to the internal network 110 is an external network 150 allowing the internal network 110 to send data to and receive data from sources outside the internal network 110, such as to the wireless network 160 shown in FIG. 1. In one embodiment, the external network 150 may provide POTS telephony services over a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). In alternative embodiments, the external network 150 is a circuit or packet switched public data network, or provides higher speed data services over an integrated services digital network. In a further alternative embodiment (not shown) the internal network 110 may be directly coupled to the wireless network 160. It will be understood by one skilled in the art that the external network 150 may also be provided by the Internet.

The wireless network 160 includes one or more base stations 164 for communicating with mobile devices 162 such as a mobile phones or PDA devices. The mobile device 162 may be any device adapted for wireless communications with the wireless network 160, including a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant, pager, portable computer or a vehicle navigation system as well as others.

As is known to one skilled in the art, transmission and reception between the base stations 164 and the mobile devices 162 occurs in a defined coverage area broken into individual geographic cells 161, each having its own base station. The one or more base stations 164 include radio transceivers defining each geographic cell 161 and providing radio-link protocols to the mobile devices 162. A controller (not shown) may also be coupled between the one or more base stations 164 and a switching center (not shown) to manage and efficiently allocate radio resources for the one or more base stations 164. The controller handles handovers, radio-channel setup and frequency hopping for the mobile devices 162, for instance as they move from one geographic cell 161 to another.

Communication between the base stations 164 and the mobile devices 162 may utilize such multi-access wireless communications protocols as general packet radio services, global system for mobile communications and universal mobile telecommunications system protocols, as well as others. In alternative embodiments, High Data Rate (HDR), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) and/or Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), may also be supported.

As is known to one skilled in the art, a firewall 112 may be interposed between the external network 150 and the internal network 110 to better protect data stored on the servers 115 of the internal network 110 from external attack. Those skilled in the art will also be familiar with the concept of access control lists (“ACLs”), which may be implemented in routers such as firewalls positioned between an internal network and an external network such as the Internet. ACLs are lists configured at a router to control access to a network, thereby preventing certain traffic from entering or exiting that network. More specifically, ACLs can be configured for all routed network protocols to filter the packets of those protocols as they pass through the router. By using ACLs to determine which types of traffic are forwarded or blocked at a router interface, the router can be set up, for example, to permit e-mail traffic to be routed while at the same time blocking all Telnet traffic.

To provide the security benefits of access control lists, they should at a minimum be configured on the border routers situated at the edges of a network, such as at the firewall 112 shown in FIG. 1 interposed between the internal network 110 and the external network 150. This provides a basic buffer from the external network 150. ACLs are configured for each network protocol configured on the router interfaces. ACLs can also be used on a router positioned between two parts of an internal network, such as the routers 111 shown in the internal network of FIG. 1, to control traffic entering or exiting specific parts of that internal network. Accordingly, less controlled areas of the network may be separated from more sensitive areas of the network, permitting important data to be partitioned in a high security portion of the network architecture.

ACLs can be used, for example, to allow one host to access a part of a network and prevent another host from accessing the same area, instead of allowing all packets passing through the router to be allowed onto all parts of the network. FIG. 2 shows a simple prior art network, in which a first network 210 and a second network 220 are coupled by a router 215. Because of the configuration of an AOL maintained on the router 215, a second host 212 is allowed to access the second network 220 while the first host 211 is prevented from accessing this same network.

FIG. 3 shows a variation of this concept wherein different types of traffic are allowed or denied to different users of a network. An access control list matrix 300 is shown for a series of users 325, wherein user profiles are defined in a series of matrix rows 310. For each user 325, access to one or more applications 315 is determined by that user's corresponding designations in one of a series of matrix columns 320.

Multi-dimensional user oriented ACL matrices of the type exemplified by the matrix 300 of FIG. 3 are commonly used between distinct portions of an internal network, such as with the network architecture shown in FIG. 2. However, it is also desirable to control the distribution of data between, as well as within, individual networks, such as for example between the internal network 110 and the wireless network 160 of FIG. 1 so that a user of a mobile device 162 is able to access data stored on the servers 115. This is perhaps an even more critical application given the ever-widening scope of distribution of potentially sensitive data once it leaves the internal network 110. However, it will be understood that the following techniques are applicable to any wireless network or sub-network communicating with a multifunction mobile device, such as for instance the WLAN network 120 of FIG. 1.

With the advancing sophistication of mobile devices such as cellphones, PDAs and the like in general, there is an ever-increasing array of services which may be provided on the mobile device 162 of FIG. 1. Multiple services may be provided on the mobile device 162, such as mail, music, photo and other services in addition to traditional voice service. As such, there are potentially many different types of data which may be sent between the servers 115 of the internal network 110 and the mobile devices 162 of the wireless network 160.

While access control lists may be incorporated into the firewall 112 to determine what types of data are allowed to pass to the mobile device 162, once the data has left the confines of the internal network 110 and been sent to the mobile device 162, it is incumbent on the device itself, and the user of that device, to maintain the security of the data.

To aid in this endeavor, known security measures provide that a user of a mobile device must first authenticate herself to that device before she is able to access the features of the device and data stored thereon. In an embodiment of the present invention, this method may be extended such that a user must authenticate herself to an authentication server of the internal network 110 before she is able to retrieve data from the servers using her mobile device 162. However, the current paradigm is such that once a relationship has been established with an intended user of the mobile device 162 and the internal network 110 to access data stored on the servers 115 of the internal network 110, that user is able to access the full range of features of the mobile device 162.

For example, to avoid unauthorized users from obtaining access to data sent from the internal network 110 to the mobile device 162, authentication procedures have been used to activate the mobile device 162 only when, for instance, the correct authentication code has been entered by the user into a keypad of the mobile device 162. Entry of this code allows a user of known mobile devices to access the full range of features of the device, such as voice services, receiving e-mail and attachments, etc.

Furthermore, data provided to the mobile device 162 by the internal network 110 may vary in importance. Highly important data may require more secure and sophisticated authentication schemes to reduce the risk of unintended disclosure to third parties. There is, however, an inherent tradeoff between the ease with which an authentication method may be practiced and the security of such a method. Entry of a PIN code may be easy to carry out, but offers less security than the authentication of biometric data such as a thumbprint.

As such, it is desirable that a range of methods be available to protect different types of data and different features offered on a mobile device. FIG. 4 shows an exemplary authentication matrix 400 according to one embodiment of the present invention having a range of authentication procedures in one dimension, and a range of protectable features in another. One or more applications 415 are presented associated with one or more authentication schemes 420 arranged in matrix columns, and one or more authentication procedures (or parameters) 425 are presented associated with one or more matrix rows 410. As such, individual cells 405 are created determining the applicability of a particular authentication procedure 425 to a particular application 415. These authentication procedures 425 can be freely and independently assigned to the applications 415 to create a unique authentication scheme for a mobile device.

The range of authentication procedures 425 may include the entry of one or more key codes, biometric data such as a thumbprint, voice analysis, the physical location of the mobile device, the time of day, proximity to or use of an enabling device such as a magnetically encoded card, radio frequency identification tag, and the like. This list is not inclusive and it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that any method of authentication, including no authentication method, is appropriate to include in this dimension of the authentication matrix. The range of protectable features is intended to encompass any features that may be offered on the mobile device such as telephony services, e-mail, GPS data, stock quotes and the like.

In alternate embodiments of the present invention, one or more than one authentication procedures 425 may be selected for each application 415. In further alternative embodiments, a separate authentication procedure 425 may be used for each application 415, or an authentication procedure 425 may be repeated for more than one application 415.

FIG. 5 shows an authentication matrix 500 according to a further embodiment of the present invention wherein specific applications 515 are provided by a mobile device. These applications 515 are associated with authentication schemes 520 arranged in matrix columns, and specific authentication procedures 525 for allowing access to the applications 515 on the mobile device are associated with matrix rows 510. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the applications 515 include voice telephony services, music services, and e-mail services including the separate applications 515 of access to incoming e-mail, and the ability to alter or forward that e-mail to a third party.

Entries in the individual cells 505 indicate the applicability of a particular authentication procedure 525 to a particular application 515. For example, in the embodiment shown, voice services are provided as an application 515 on a mobile device enabled by a user of the mobile device authenticating herself by entering a first PIN code. The ability to download and read e-mail from a server is provided as a second application 515 which may be enabled by the a second PIN, together with a biometric authentication procedure. This procedure may include in alternative embodiments a voice, thumbprint, retina scan or the like. While more cumbersome than the entry of a simple PIN code, this level of security may be necessary if sensitive data is routinely being accessed by the user of the mobile device employing the authentication matrix shown in FIG. 5.

In alternative embodiments not shown, rather than being monolithically authenticated, e-mail downloading may be broken into separate higher and lower security applications 515 with distinct authentication schemes based on the source of that e-mail. A directory may be provided having one or more groups of e-mail addresses whereby an authentication scheme is provided for each group of e-mail addresses which may be either higher or lower than the default authentication scheme which allows a user to access e-mail sent from a sender not on the list. In a further alternative embodiment, the ability to download and open attachments to e-mail messages may itself be a separate application 515 requiring its own authentication scheme 520.

The authentication matrix 500 includes the ability to edit and/or forward e-mail received by the mobile device as yet another separate application 515, the authentication scheme 520 associated therewith requiring the entry of the second PIN as well as the biometric data. In addition to these two procedures 525, a third procedure is used, namely the physical location of the mobile device. This procedure may be provided by known global positioning system (“GPS”) technology incorporated within the mobile device such that the authentication procedure 525 is satisfied only when the mobile device is in one of a set of predefined geographic locations. For example, a particular application 515 may be restricted so as to only be available when a user is on her corporate campus, at her home, or at another predefined location, providing further increased security to highly sensitive applications 515.

Music downloading and replay applications may be provided as shown in the authentication matrix 500 of FIG. 5 having yet another authentication scheme 520 associated therewith. In addition to the entry of a first PIN, the location of the mobile device is again used as an authentication procedure 525. However, a separate list of predefined geographic locations may be provided for this application, as opposed to the application discussed previously. For example, the mobile device could be restricted to only allow music services when the user of the device was at a location other than her corporate campus, so that nonessential activities are prevented in a business setting.

In addition, the time of day may be utilized as an authentication procedure 525 so that, for example, the application of providing music or other entertainment services on a mobile device can be restricted to after normal business hours only.

The application of the aforementioned authentication procedures 525 has been discussed in the conjunctive such that for a particular application 515, each designated procedure 525 must be satisfied to authenticate a user so that she may access that particular application 515. However, it is understood that in an alternative embodiment, these authentication procedures 525 may be applied in the disjunctive, so that the entry of any one procedure designated for a particular application enables the usage of that application.

In an alternative embodiment, the authentication procedures 525 may be made to behave in a more subtle fashion using more complex Boolean logic schemes. For example, in the matrix 500 of FIG. 5, an authentication scheme 520 is provided for music or other entertainment services on a mobile device. The authentication scheme 520 dictates that a first PIN, as well as a location and a time procedure 525 are all required to authenticate this application 515 for the mobile device. For this discussion, these procedures will be referred to as procedures A, D and E. The purely conjunctive authentication scheme produces the Boolean expression (A and D and E)=authentication. However, it is within the purview of the present system and method that, for example, this application always be provided for the user of the mobile device when she is at a defined location such as her home. Otherwise, this service may still be available provided the local time is between 5:00 p.m. and 12:00 a.m. and provided the user has entered the correct PIN. This scheme yields the Boolean expression (D or (A and E))=authentication.

Alternately, this application may be provided only between 5:00 p.m. and 12:00 a.m., provided in addition that either the user has entered the correct PIN, or the user of the mobile device is at a defined location such as her home. This scheme yields the Boolean expression (E and (A or D))=authentication. This scheme would be useful for both completely preventing the provision of this service during normal business hours, as well as avoiding the hassle of entering a cumbersome PIN assuming the user is at a location that is itself relatively secure.

In a further alternative embodiment, the conditions for satisfying individual procedures can themselves be made to change depending on the satisfaction of other, separate procedures. For instance, the application may be provided only at a defined location such as a user's home if the local time is between 9:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m., or it may be provided at a different location if the time is otherwise, such as an expanded zone encompassing the user's hometown, provided that the user has also entered the correct PIN. This scheme yields the Boolean expression ((E and D) or (D′ and A))=authentication.

Furthermore, it is also understood that in an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the failure to select any authentication procedures 525 for a particular application 515 is a valid choice. Accordingly, for certain low security applications 515, the authentication scheme 520 may include a null set of authentication procedures. With the advent of increasingly lower cost wireless phone service, a user may for example desire that the simple ability to place telephone calls from her mobile device be essentially unprotected, whereas more critical applications such as the ability to access potentially sensitive e-mail information be protected by a password or other authentication procedures 525.

The aforementioned authentication matrices and schemes define what procedures must be satisfied to allow particular types of data to be sent from a server to a mobile device. Described herein is a method for implementing the matrix authentication procedures of FIGS. 4 and 5 with an exemplary network architecture, in which the authentication procedures of FIGS. 4 and 5 may be used to provide authentication. keys to authenticate a user of a mobile device to a particular application being offered over a network.

FIG. 6 shows a simplified architecture according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention. An architecture 600 includes a mobile device 610 communicating with one or more servers 630 using a network 620. In one embodiment, the network 620 includes one or more base stations 626 in radio contact with the mobile device 610 as well as a switching center 625 for managing the base stations 626. The mobile device 610 includes a key storage device 615, and the servers 630 include registers 635.

The key storage device 615 of the mobile device 610 may be a Subscriber Identity Module (“SIM”). SIM cards are widely used in mobile devices such as cell phones to store a users personal info, such as contact lists and the like, as well as identifying information. In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the SIM contains authentication keys specifying particular applications so that the user of the mobile device 610 can be identified and authenticated to the network 620 to receive data from the servers 630 for the specified application. In an alternative embodiment, the SIM card may include an authentication key having a private key and a related but different public key, a copy of which is made available outside the SIM.

Of the one or more servers 630, one may be provided in an exemplary embodiment as an authentication server having a register 635, the register 635 being a protected database storing copies of the authentication keys stored in the SIM card specifying particular applications. The authentication server ensures the legitimacy of a user and associates the user to specific application based data services on a data server which may be included as one of the servers 630. Further, the authentication server (and/or another server) may be used to revoke one or more of the secret keys on the SIM card using copies of the secret keys and/or another key of the authentication server.

The PINs shown as authentication procedures 525 in FIG. 5 may be used as private authentication keys, and the data gathered for the other authentication procedures 525 such as the time, location and biometric data could be used to generate separate private authentication keys.

A challenge can then be supplied to the SIM card by the authentication server of the servers 630, and a response is generated using the private key. The response can be checked by the use of the related public key. Thus, if the private key is held only within the SIM card, then only the SIM card can generate an authentication response that would work with the public key value.

For example, in one embodiment, the network 620 is a GSM compliant network authenticating a user to a particular application using a challenge-response mechanism. A random number is sent to the mobile device 610 from the authentication server 630 with an authentication algorithm using the aforementioned public authentication key. The mobile device 610 then computes a signed response based on the random number sent to the mobile device 610 using a hashing algorithm, and returns the computed value.

Upon receiving the signed response from the mobile device 610, the authentication server 630 repeats the calculation to verify authenticity. The authentication key is not transmitted over the radio channel; it should only be present in the SIM, as well as in the register 635 of the server 630. In one alternative embodiment, this authentication procedure can be carried out by an application running on a general purpose computer at the server 630.

It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that while a system using SIM devices and a GSM mobile network has been described herein, the inventive concepts described above would be equally applicable to systems that use other types of smartchips and/or other types of mobile networks.

In a further alternative embodiment of the present invention, the key storage device 615 of the mobile device 610 further includes a Hardware Security Module (“HSM”) chip providing encryption capabilities to add a further level of security to data accessed using the mobile device 610. The HSM chip contains an encryption key for encrypting voice and data transmissions to and from the network 620. An encrypted communication is initiated by an encryption request command from the network 620. Upon receipt of this command, the mobile device 610 begins encryption and decryption of data using the HSM chip. In yet another alternative embodiment, data stored on a SIM, such as retained e-mail traffic, contact information, personal information and the like, could be stored in an encrypted state, and decrypted only when needed, using the HSM chip.

Regarding the above described key storage device 615, a stateless module may be used which provides a high level of security at a relatively low cost, while consuming a relatively small amount of space on the mobile device. Mechanisms are provided for securely loading one or more keys into the stateless module, securely storing the keys and securely using the keys. Embodiments of exemplary stateless modules that provide such mechanisms are provided in copending provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/615,290, entitled Stateless Hardware Security Module, filed on Oct. 1, 2004, now filed as patent application Ser. Nos. 11/159,640, filed Jun. 21, 2005, and 11/159,669, filed Jun. 21, 2005, and assigned to the assignee of the present application, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

In another alternative embodiment, the HSM chip, rather than the SIM, contains the authentication keys and performs the authentication procedures described above to authenticate a user to a particular application provided over the network 620 to the mobile device 610. 

1-20. (canceled)
 21. A mobile device comprising: a first application module configured to perform a plurality of first functional operations; a second application module configured to perform a plurality of second functional operations; and an authentication module configured to permit use of the first application module only after authentication of first authentication data, and to permit use of the second application module only after authentication of second authentication data.
 22. The mobile device of claim 21, wherein the first authentication data is different from the second authentication data.
 23. The mobile device of claim 21, wherein types of authentication data include passcode, biometric, location, time and proximity data.
 24. The mobile device of claim 23, wherein the first authentication data is a first type of authentication data, and wherein the second authentication data is a second type of authentication data.
 25. The mobile device of claim 24, wherein the first type of authentication data is different from the second type of authentication data.
 26. The mobile device of claim 23, wherein the first authentication data includes a plurality of types of authentication data.
 27. The mobile device of claim 23, wherein the first authentication data includes a plurality of one type of authentication data.
 28. The mobile device of claim 21, wherein the authentication module permits use of a first functional operation of the plurality of first functional operations only after authentication of third authentication data, and permits use of a second first functional operation of the plurality of functional operations only after authentication of fourth authentication data.
 29. A mobile device, comprising: a first application module configured to perform a first. functional operation and a second functional operation; and an authentication module configured to permit use of the first functional operation only after authentication of first authentication data, and to permit use of the second functional operation only after authentication of second authentication data.
 30. The mobile device of claim 29, wherein the first authentication data is different from the second authentication data.
 31. The mobile device of claim 29, wherein types of authentication data include passcode, biometric, location, time and proximity data.
 32. The mobile device of claim 31, wherein the first authentication data is a first type of authentication data, and wherein the second authentication data is a second type of authentication data.
 33. The mobile device of claim 32, wherein the first type of authentication data is different from the second type of authentication data.
 34. The mobile device of claim 31, wherein the first authentication data includes a plurality of types of authentication data.
 35. The mobile device of claim 31, wherein the first authentication data includes a plurality of one type of authentication data. 